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肾脏乳头状腺瘤
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【定 义】5 z- T4 E1 e8 ?* `* l6 Z2 K5 V, f1 {2 q* c0 |. l* N: X6 l. q, e4 c3 p3 U) A1 d
具有乳头状或小管状结构的肿瘤,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _细胞核分级低,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _肿瘤直径<5mm。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E
【临床特点】5 z- T4 E1 e8 ?* `* l6 Z2 K5 V, f1 {2 q* c0 |. l* N: X6 l. q, e4 c3 p3 U) A1 d
乳头状腺瘤是肾小管上皮最常见的肿瘤。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E尸体解剖发现乳头状腺瘤在年龄<40岁的成人发病率是10%,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _在年龄>70岁者上升至40%。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E乳头状腺瘤常见于长期行血液透析者,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _33%先天性肾囊肿疾病患者也可发生本瘤。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E
【大体所见】5 z- T4 E1 e8 ?* `* l6 Z2 K5 V, f1 {2 q* c0 |. l* N: X6 l. q, e4 c3 p3 U) A1 d
乳头状腺瘤呈结节状,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _边界清楚,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _黄色或灰白色,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _位于肾皮质,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _直径<1mm。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E大多数肿瘤紧邻肾包膜。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E小肿瘤常呈圆形,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _较大的肿瘤有时呈圆锥形,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _在切片上则呈楔形,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _尖端对着肾皮质表面。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E通常,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _乳头状腺瘤为实性,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _偶尔多发并累及双肾。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E当肿瘤数目很多时则称之为“肾腺瘤病”。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E
【组织病理学】5 z- T4 E1 e8 ?* `* l6 Z2 K5 V, f1 {2 q* c0 |. l* N: X6 l. q, e4 c3 p3 U) A1 d
乳头状腺瘤中有小管状、乳头状和小管乳头状结构,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _与1型和2型乳头状肾细胞癌相似。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E有些肿瘤有薄的纤维性假包膜。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E肿瘤细胞核圆形或椭圆形,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _染色质点彩状或块状,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _核仁不明显,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _可见核沟,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _无核分裂象。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E多数细胞胞质稀少,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _双染性或嗜碱性。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E偶见胞质多,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _嗜酸性,0 X4 O/ t+ J+ h8 E- d/ ~- m0 G4 S5 c/ s3 _似2型乳头状肾细胞癌。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E常见砂砾体和泡沫状巨噬细胞。6 c1 a5 m5 R7 w+ {2 N/ D' B/ K: H3 X; E
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